♦ Amphitrichous bacteria: Two flagella on both sides of the cell
Atrichous has no flagella, while few have flagella on one side, others have on all the sides. ♦ Monotrichous bacteria: With one single flagellum. ♦ Atrichous bacteria: With no flagella on the bacterial cell wall. Based on the number of flagella and also the bacterial location classification is done as below. Not all bacteria have flagella but motile bacteria have flagella. Classification of bacteria based on flagella presenceįlagella are appendages of movement for the bacteria.
Ex: syphilis-causing bacteria.Į) Pleomorphism:Though most bacteria have a specific shape, some do not. Ex: Vibrio cholera bacteria causing cholera.ĭ) Spirillum bacteria: This is a long spiral-shaped bacteria. V) Sarcina is a type where 8 round-shaped bacteria are arranged in cubical shape.Ĭ) Comma-shaped bacteria: Here is the bacteria is slightly bent and looks like a comma. Iv) Staphylococci is a group of spherical bacteria arranged like a bunch of grapes. Iii) Streptococci is a chain of many round-shaped bacteria. Ii) Diplococci is two spherical shaped bacteria existing as pairs. I) Monococcus which is a single-celled round-shaped bacteria. Based on the number and their arrangement they are divided Further, cocci and bacilli can be in groups or chains.ī) Coccus: These are spherical shaped bacteria or oval shaped. Iv) Palisade: Here two cells of Bacillus are arranged side by side like sticks in a matchbox Bacillus is rod-shaped, cocci are spherical, cholera bacteria is comma-shaped and syphilis bacteria is spiral shaped. Bacilli bacteria arranged like a long chain. Iii) Streptobacilli: This is a chain of rod-shaped bacteria. They can also be present as four-celled as a tetrad. Ii) Diplobaciullus: These are a pair of rod-shaped bacteria. I) Monobacillus: This is a single rod-shaped bacillus bacteria. Check out the image below for an idea.Ī) Bacillus: These are rod-shaped or filament-shaped bacteria. They have a different cell structure, but most of them come under two basic shapes like bacillus or cocci. Classification of Bacteria by shape or cell structureĬohn divided the bacterial into four types based on their shapes in 1872. So, the bacterial species which take up the blue color during gram staining are called gram +ve and those which take up an orange are called gram -ve bacteria. When a bacteria culture is added with Gram’s stain, gram-positive bacteria show violet color, while gram-negative bacteria show saffron color.
The gram stain consists of coloring dyes like crystal violet and saffron. Gram-ve bacteria cannot retain this crystal violet and instead retains saffron color. So when stained with grams stain, crystal violet, peptidoglycan retains it giving violet color to gram +ve bacteria. In gram +ve bacteria there is a thicker peptidoglycan layer while gram -ve has less peptidoglycan and more of glycolipid membrane. The gram staining helps in the differentiation of bacteria as gram-positive and gram-negative. This bacterial cell wall is made of materials like the carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in varying proportions. Gram stain is used to classify these bacteria based on the variation in the layers. Staining: Cell wall of bacteria differs based on the layers in it. Rod-shaped bacteria, illustration-Getty images You may also like the Differences between Bacterial cell and Human cell. Bacterial cell wall feature has features useful for classification. The cell wall is a characteristic plant cell. Some of the aspects of bacterial classification also help in the identification of bacteria. Of these bacteria, those harmful and useful to humans are widely studied in medicine and pharmacy while those pathogenic bacteria which cause the disease to plants and animals are extensively studied in agriculture and animal husbandry sciences.
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